BCA - OOPS and Data Structures

A static data member is shared among all objects of a class. A static function can only access static variables or call other static functions .

Example :

#include
using namespace std;

class Counter {
private:
    static int count;

public:
    Counter() {
        count++;
    }

    ~Counter() {
        count--;
    }

    // Static function to get count
    static int getCount() {
        return count;  // Can only access static members
    }
};

int Counter::count = 0;  // Definition of static member

int main() {
    cout << "Initial count: " << Counter::getCount() << endl;

    Counter c1, c2, c3;

    cout << "After creating 3 counters: " << Counter::getCount() << endl;

    {
        Counter c4;
        cout << "Inside new scope: " << Counter::getCount() << endl;
    }  // c4 destroyed

    cout << "Final count: " << Counter::getCount() << endl;

    return 0;
}