BSc IT - Database Management System

In a DBMS , Generalization  is the process of combining multiple specific entities  into a more general, common entity  based on shared attributes. For example, if you have entities like Car, Bike, and Truck, you can generalize them into a common entity called Vehicle that holds their common properties like VehicleID and Model. 

On the other hand, Specialization  is the opposite — it’s the process of dividing a general entity  into smaller, more specific entities  based on their differences. For instance, from a general entity Employee, you can create specialized entities like Manager, Engineer, and Clerk, each having extra attributes unique to their role. 

These concepts are mainly used in database design (ER model)  to better organize data and show relationships between different types of entities.