BCA - UNIX and Shell Programming

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Explain Command line interpreter of the shell

Command line interpreters are more useful than graphical user interfaces in some cases. Details about these cases are given as follows:

For various operations, command line
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What is daemons process ?

There is no control terminal for a daemon process. It is unable to access /dev/tty. When you run "ps -ef" and look at the tty field, you'll notice that all daemons have a? for the tty.

Most daemons are designed to endure a long time, be owned by root, and perform a
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What is zombie state ?

A zombie process is a process that completed execution but still in process table.

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Sticky bit

The sticky bit in the mode of a Unix file tells the kernel to retain the code loaded in swap space long after it has finished executing on the presumption that it will be used again shortly if it is set for an executable.
To avoid reloading commonly used applications like the shell or vi
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What is Process ? Or Define Process

The distinction between a process and a programme influences the definition of a process. A programme is a disk-based, static item known as a file. The /bin/ls programme, for example, is used to list files in the current directory.

You generate a process when you run a programme. To put
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Explain init process Or Getty process in Unix

Process id "1" identifies the init process, which is the final stage in the boot operation.
Init is in charge of launching system programmes according to the settings in the /etc/inittab file.
Init will usually launch several instances of "getty," which will wait for console logins to
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What is Job ? How can we suspend a foreground and background job ?

Background jobs are unable to receive keyboard input or signals such as Control-C from the controlling terminal. Foreground jobs are terminated by a hang-up signal if the login session is disconnected, while background jobs are not. The controlling terminal can be written to by both foreground
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What is major and minor number ?

The kernel uses the minor number to figure out which device is being referenced to.
You can either acquire a direct pointer to your device from the kernel or utilise the minor number as an index into a local array of devices, depending on how your driver is designed.
In any case, the
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Convert Decimal to Hexadecimal, Octal or Binary

echo $((2#101010)) # binary

echo $((8#52)) #octal

echo $((16#2A)) #hexa

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